The brain contains “neural nurseries”. In the meninges, stores of stem cells create new cells.
Our brains still hold many secrets. The meninges, in particular, could have a much more varied function than expected. Researchers from the University of Louvain (Belgium) have discovered a veritable neural nursery in this membrane which envelops the central nervous system. Stem cells are able to produce new neurons, they argue in Cell Stem Cell. At least this is the case in mice.
Until now, the meninges had only one supposed role: to protect the brain from mechanical shocks that can occur. In fact, this envelope contains many stem cells capable of transforming, if necessary, into functional neurons. “The neuronal stem cells that we discovered in the meninges differentiate to become complete neurons, electrically active and functionally integrated into the neuronal circuit”, specifies Professor Peter Carmeliet, who signs this work.
Treat Alzheimer’s disease
This discovery was made possible by a very fine RNA sequencing technique. It makes it possible to identify the exact nature of the cells examined. This is how the researchers were able to conclude on the meningeal origin of the neurons in question. An exciting element in itself, especially as therapeutic applications are possible.
In the line of sight: neurodegenerative diseases. “The question is whether these neuronal stem cells in the meninges can lead to more effective treatments for brain damage and neurodegeneration,” asks Peter Carmeliet. It would be a question of diverting the potential of these stem cells to repair neurons damaged by the disease. There is a long way to go before we get there. To begin with, it will be necessary to find these same reserves in humans.
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