Until 2013, Asperger’s syndrome was commonly used to describe a particular form of autism, characterized by social difficulties and restricted interests, but often associated with high intellectual abilities. However, the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) marked a turning point in the classification of autism, radically transforming the terminology and perception of this disorder.
- The DSM-5 took a more inclusive approach by grouping all forms of autism under the term “Autism Spectrum Disorders” (ASD).
- The move away from separate subcategories like Asperger’s syndrome in favor of a continuous spectrum has been driven by several reasons: better understanding of autism, greater diversity of profiles, reduced stigma.
- Despite this development, the term “Asperger’s syndrome” persists in everyday language and in the media, in particular because the term “Asperger’s syndrome” is often associated with certain specific characteristics (high abilities, social difficulties), which can facilitate communication.
The DSM-5 took a more inclusive approach by grouping all forms of autism under the term “Autism Spectrum Disorders” (ASD). This new classification highlights the wide range of manifestations of autism, which falls on a continuum from mild to more severe forms. The move away from separate subcategories such as Asperger’s syndrome in favor of a continuous spectrum was motivated by several reasons.
A better understanding of autism: Research has shown that different forms of autism share common neurobiological mechanisms. Rigid distinctions between autism subtypes, such as Asperger’s syndrome, have become less relevant as the science has evolved.
Greater diversity of profiles: The term “ASD” helps to better capture the variety of symptoms and levels of functioning that autistic people have. It includes a broader range of behaviors and abilities, providing a more complete picture of autism.
A reduction in stigma: This new classification promotes a more nuanced and less stigmatizing approach to autism. By using a more global term, we avoid creating categories that could reinforce stereotypes and prejudices.
Why do we continue to use the term “Asperger’s syndrome”?
Despite this development, the term “Asperger’s syndrome” persists in everyday language and in the media for several reasons:
There is a gap between advances in research and their dissemination to the general public. The term “Asperger’s syndrome”, being more well-known, is sometimes used for simplification. Many people who have been diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome continue to identify with this term and use it to describe their experience. For them, the term has personal and historical meaning.
Finally, the term “Asperger’s syndrome” is often associated with certain specific characteristics (high abilities, social difficulties), which can facilitate communication. It is seen as a way of describing a distinct subset of autism.
Why Use the Term “Autism Spectrum Disorders”?
The term “ASD” is more inclusive and better reflects the diversity of autism manifestations. It encompasses all levels of functioning and all types of symptoms, without limiting them to fixed categories. This terminology reflects the latest scientific knowledge and current diagnostic criteria. It allows health professionals to work with a more precise and unified understanding of autism. Finally, the use of obsolete terms can reinforce stereotypes and prejudices related to autism. Adopting the term “ASD” promotes a more open and less discriminatory perception.
While the term “Asperger’s Syndrome” was a significant step forward in understanding autism, it is essential that we adopt the current terminology, namely “Autism Spectrum Disorder”. This evolution allows for a better understanding of the diversity of autistic profiles and promotes a more inclusive and less stigmatizing approach. Ultimately, terminology evolves with our understanding of autism, and it is crucial that our language reflects this progression to support a more informed and welcoming society for autistic people.