Researchers have identified abnormal brain connections in the brains of children aged 3 to 5 with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A discovery made through the use of new MRI techniques.
One in 100 children have autism spectrum disorders. If we know that these disorders are linked to abnormal brain connectivity of patients, many points remain to be clarified to understand this syndrome.
A new study, carried out by Canadian researchers, attests that in preschool children (aged 3 to 5 years) and autistic, the use of MRI techniques has made it possible to show the existence of abnormal connections between the various networks of the brain. The results were published in the journal Radiology.
A study carried out on 42 children
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by communication difficulties, low interest in certain activities, repetitive behaviors, disturbed social relationships. For this new study, Canadian scientists used a special MRI technique called diffusion tensor imaging. They compared the results of 21 children, averaging 4.5 years old, with ASD, to 21 children without developmental disabilities.
This allowed them to highlight significant differences in the nuclei of the base of the brain. It is a part of the brain that has an important role in behavior. Also, in the paralimbic and limbic areas, parts of the brain which are important in regulating behavior, other variations have been observed. These disturbances in certain areas of the brain could, according to scientists, partly explain the development of ASD in some children.
An imaging technique that can improve care
Imaging would make it possible to carry out early diagnoses and thus adapt treatments and support. Two treatments in particular could be better achieved thanks to this type of brain imaging: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.
The first uses a magnet to stimulate certain areas of the brain, the other is to use electrical currents. Both are considered treatments for autism in the future, but still need to be perfected.
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