Do you associate Genetically Modified Organism and corn? Think again, they are also present in cleaning products such as detergents or home care products. And they are not without consequences on health, in particular for the populations who are exposed to them through their work.
A study German, published in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, looked at genetically modified enzymes added to cleaning products, in particular to make perfumes and aromas.
Researchers at the Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center analyzed blood samples from 813 people between the ages of 20 and 60 working in contact with these enzymes. Participants came from the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, with an exposure time ranging from three months to ten years.
Antibodies specific for an allergic reaction
Scientists looked for traces of antibodies, proteins produced by the immune system. Result: 23% of people followed had IgE antibodies, markers of an allergic reaction. These antibodies responded in particular to enzymes such as alpha-amylase, stainzyme or pancreatinine, used mainly in detergents and home care products.
Subsequently, the study involved a subgroup of 134 people. 36% of them showed allergic symptoms, such as runny nose and eye irritation which both affected 19% of subjects, and shortness of breath (7%).
Professionals more exposed
If no evidence can attest to the appearance of a real allergy in the study, the researchers specify that “genetically modified enzymes are powerful allergens which can elicit an immediate allergic response”. Symptoms are more common in professionals who regularly use these products, but further studies must determine the potential danger for the general public. In the event of a proven risk, scientists believe that new regulations would be necessary.
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